如何提高Nginx的安全与性能

主要展示在nginx中配置x-frame-options、x-xss-protection、 x-content-type-options、strict-transport-security、https等安全配置。

nginx.conf配置如下

# 不要将nginx版本号在错误页面或服务器头部中显示 server_tokens off; #不允许页面从框架frame 或 iframe中显示，这样能避免clickjacking # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/clickjacking # 如果你允许[i]frames, 你能使用sameorigin 或在allow-from中设置你的允许的url # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-us/docs/http/x-frame-options add_header x-frame-options sameorigin; #当你的网站是用户提供的内容比如博客论坛等，使用 x-content-type-options: nosniff 头部, # 这是为了失效某些浏览器的内容类型探嗅 # https://www.owasp.org/index.php/list_of_useful_http_headers # 当前支持ie > 8以上版本 http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/09/02/ie8-security-part-vi-beta-2-update.aspx # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/gg622941(v=vs.85).aspx #firefox https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=471020 add_header x-content-type-options nosniff; # 防止跨站脚本 cross-site scripting (xss) ，目前已经被大多数浏览器支持 #默认是激活的，如果被用户失效，可以使用这个配置激活。 # https://www.owasp.org/index.php/list_of_useful_http_headers add_header x-xss-protection "1; mode=block"; #激活内容安全策略content security policy (csp) ，大部分浏览器支持 # 告诉浏览器只能从本域名和你显式指定的网址下载脚本。 # http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/content-security-policy/#inline-code-considered-harmful add_header content-security-policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https://ssl.google-analytics.com https://assets.zendesk.com https://connect.facebook.net; img-src 'self' https://ssl.google-analytics.com https://s-static.ak.facebook.com https://assets.zendesk.com; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https://fonts.googleapis.com https://assets.zendesk.com; font-src 'self' https://themes.googleusercontent.com; frame-src https://assets.zendesk.com https://www.facebook.com https://s-static.ak.facebook.com https://tautt.zendesk.com; object-src 'none'"; server { listen 443 ssl default deferred; server_name .forgott.com; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/star_forgott_com.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/star_forgott_com.key; #激活会话重续提高https性能 # http://vincent.bernat.im/en/blog/2011-ssl-session-reuse-rfc5077.html ssl_session_cache shared:ssl:50m; ssl_session_timeout 5m; # diffie-hellman parameter for dhe ciphersuites, recommended 2048 bits ssl_dhparam /etc/nginx/ssl/dhparam.pem; #激活服务器端保护免于beast 攻击 # http://blog.ivanristic.com/2013/09/is-beast-still-a-threat.html ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # 失效 sslv3(自nginx 0.8.19默认激活) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/secure_sockets_layer#ssl_3.0 ssl_protocols tlsv1 tlsv1.1 tlsv1.2; # 为保密性和相容性选择密码 # http://blog.ivanristic.com/2013/08/configuring-apache-nginx-and-openssl-for-forward-secrecy.html ssl_ciphers "ecdhe-rsa-aes256-gcm-sha384:ecdhe-rsa-aes128-gcm-sha256:dhe-rsa-aes256-gcm-sha384:dhe-rsa-aes128-gcm-sha256:ecdhe-rsa-aes256-sha384:ecdhe-rsa-aes128-sha256:ecdhe-rsa-aes256-sha:ecdhe-rsa-aes128-sha:dhe-rsa-aes256-sha256:dhe-rsa-aes128-sha256:dhe-rsa-aes256-sha:dhe-rsa-aes128-sha:ecdhe-rsa-des-cbc3-sha:edh-rsa-des-cbc3-sha:aes256-gcm-sha384:aes128-gcm-sha256:aes256-sha256:aes128-sha256:aes256-sha:aes128-sha:des-cbc3-sha:high:!anull:!enull:!export:!des:!md5:!psk:!rc4"; # 激活ocsp stapling （一种机制：一个网站可以保护隐私可扩展的方式传达的证书撤销信息给访问者）mechanism by which a site can convey certificate revocation information to visitors in a privacy-preserving, scalable manner) # http://blog.mozilla.org/security/2013/07/29/ocsp-stapling-in-firefox/ resolver 8.8.8.8; ssl_stapling on; ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/star_forgott_com.crt; # 配置激活hsts(http strict transport security) https://developer.mozilla.org/en-us/docs/security/http_strict_transport_security #避免ssl stripping https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ssl_stripping#ssl_stripping add_header strict-transport-security "max-age=31536000; includesubdomains;"; # ... the rest of your configuration } # redirect all http traffic to https server { listen 80; server_name .forgott.com; return 301 https://$host$request_uri; }

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